Hi Rick.
That is not a X Specific Question it is a Homestead x WordPress x Google Question.
I recommend you doing a research on Google on the issue, I am 0% familiar with Homestead but with a quick search you can find information about.
I do recommend you building your website in a different environment and keep your website alive while developing your new website. If you manage to keep the same URLs I guess you should not face many issues on Google when switching your domain, but it is worth researching more about it in depth.
Let us know if you have further questions.