It has a custom header, doesn’t show blog title and breadcrumbs, hides the author name and category on the H2, its own font styles, etc.
What’s the extent that I can change my blog’s home on Theme X? Customize > Renew > Blog Options and Customize > Blog don’t have nearly as much options.
The options that are available in Appearance > Customize > Blog are what you can customize for the Blog page. Further customizations could be done by editing the template file’s code and add some custom CSS.
If you want to customize your blog page further, please give us some details so that we could provide you some instructions and suggestions.